The R.E. factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent; the greater the R.E., the more powerful the explosive.” So TNTs RE is 1, and tannerites RE is.55. Tannerite has half the strength of TNT.
Is Tannerite considered an explosive?
As Tannerite is supplied as components not themselves explosive, combining the components to constitute an explosive is regulated by laws on manufacturing explosives.
What is the chemical composition of Tannerite?
The oxidizer is a mixture of 85% 200-mesh ammonium nitrate and 15% ammonium perchlorate. The patents on these formulations were applied for on August 20, 2001. As Tannerite is supplied as components not themselves explosive, combining the components to constitute an explosive is regulated by laws on manufacturing explosives.
What is Tannerite and what is it used for?
The bomb that exploded Saturday in New York City used an explosive called Tannerite, according to news reports. Until now, Tannerite has mostly been known to target shooters. Now it’s being implicated in a terrorist attack. Here are answers to some questions about an explosive you might not have heard of and its role in this unfolding story.
What is the TNT equivalent of explosives?
This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons “TNT equivalent” of explosives. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram.
Which is more powerful Tannerite or dynamite?
He noted that one package of Tannerite creates an explosion equal to that from a little less than one stick of dynamite.
Is Tannerite a TNT?
Conversely, the bond releases a huge amount of energy when it forms. In Tannerite or TNT, the formation of nitrogen gas is one source of their explosive energy.
How powerful is a Tannerite explosion?
So what, exactly, is Tannerite? Tannerite is an over-the-counter, explosive target used for firearms practice and sold in kit form. It is made by mixing aluminum powder with ammonium nitrate. Law enforcement experts say 80 pounds is enough to cause significant damage to a home.
What is the TNT equivalent of RDX?
Relative effectiveness factorExplosive, gradeDensity (g/ml)Relative effectivenessComposition C-3 (78% RDX)1.601.33Composition C-4 (91% RDX)1.591.34Pentolite (56% PETN + 44% TNT)1.661.33Semtex 1A (76% PETN + 6% RDX)1.551.3536 more rows
Will Tannerite set off dynamite?
Tannerite cannot be set off by fire, an electronic fuse, dynamite fuse, or hitting it with a baseball bat. Tannerite requires a large caliber bullet traveling at speeds of greater than 2,000 feet per second to detonate. Even slower bullets such as the legendary .
How powerful is C4 compared to TNT?
C4 explosives have more complete destructive power compared to TNT and the number of effective explosives required to destroy the concrete with the strength of fc = 229.31 kg / cm2 is 122 g.
What states ban Tannerite?
Is Tannerite Illegal in the United States? No, this compound is not illegal in the United States.
How far can you hear Tannerite?
Used in larger amounts, Tannerite can be extremely dangerous. “You would probably not believe some of the stuff people do with it and somehow walk away alive,” Harris said. In his Facebook post, Coffman said he used one pound of the product. It could be heard and felt from two miles away.
What is C4 made of?
C4 was used during the Vietnam War as part of demolition blocks; today, it is commonly used in both military and civilian settings for demolition and flares. C4 is composed of RDX (91%), dioctyl sebacate (5.3%), polyisobutylene (2.1%), and mineral/motor oil (1.6%) [1].
What is in Semtex?
One of the well-known ternary PBXs, still from the period of Vietnam War, is Semtex 1H from the assortment of the Czech company Explosia. It is a high performance plastic explosive containing a mixture of RDX and PETN bonded by plasticized SBR rubber [25].
What is the TNT equivalent of a grenade?
Orders of MagnitudeExplosive Yield (tons of TNT)Notes1.20E-04« 1 kTCommonly-used hand grenade1.00E-03« 1 kTRPG-7 with GTB-7G round5.00E-010.0005 kT1.10E+010.0011 kT“The Mother of All Bombs” Most powerful non-nuclear explosive ever used in combat. Used by the United States in Afghanistan in April 2017.8 more rows
Why is HMX stronger than RDX?
Table 1.2: Chemical and Physical Properties of HMX and RDX (Rosenblatt, et al. 1991). As an explosive, HMX is superior to RDX. Because of its higher density, HMX is used where high energy and lower volume are important.
Can Tannerite start a fire?
When used as intended, tannerite does not ignite fires. used as intended ,will not start fires. “When used improperly and mixed with other substances , this can make for a very dangerous situation,“ Seneca County Sheriff Timothy Luce said.
How do you make a Tannerite gender reveal bomb?
0:456:08Best Baby Gender Reveal Ever / Tannerite Explosion! – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd we have a cardboard box that we’re going to set up the four pounds of tannerite. And 15 poundsMoreAnd we have a cardboard box that we’re going to set up the four pounds of tannerite. And 15 pounds of whatever chalk it needs to be personally i’m hoping for blue.
How to set off secondary explosives?
The only reliable way to set off a secondary explosive is to hit it with the detonation from a primary explosive. You can drop, hit, or burn secondary explosives, run them over in a truck, shoot them with guns, whatever you like: they won’t go off. They’re designed that way so that they’re safe to transport and handle.
What is the name of the explosive that can change from a solid to a gas?
Nitrated toluene, ‘2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is better known by its initials, TNT. It is an important explosive, since it can very quickly change from a solid into hot expanding gases. Two moles of solid TNT very quickly converts to 15 moles of hot gases plus some powdered carbon, as is expressed by a dark sooty appearance ‘black smoke’ when detonated’. TNT requires a powerful detona
Can you shoot tannerite with a blank?
No Not with just a blank. Not a good idea to try as once setup no safe way to recover from a failure except shooting the Tannerite with a rifle with a bullet moving faster than 2,000 Feet per Second at impact. Any initiator setup might be illegal under local laws plus require federal and state licenses. Tannerite and other brands are meant to be shot at for fun not used for commercial demolition.
Can you shoot TNT with a rifle?
It is safe enough to melt and cast, making it an ideal filler for military items. If you shoot TNT with a rifle cartridge, it will not detonate. It comes in hard non-moldable blocks and is ont commercially avalable for someone not licensed to handle it in the US.
Is tannerite stable?
They’re really hard to mix up – TNT is notoriously stable, whereas tannerite, once mixed, is very much not. by design.
Is TNT a chemical compound?
Its hard to compose an answer to questions such as this. “A TNT” is not a classification of explosive it is a specific chemical compound, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
Is tannerite an explosive?
TNT is a specific chemical, trinitrotoluene. If you meant to ask if tannerite is an explosive, the answer is yes —and much safer to handle that most explosives because it’s virtually inert until mixed. The individual chemicals do not need to be handled as explosives. Once mixed, however, it’s subject to all the rules that apply to the transport and handling of high explosives—from a practical standpoint this means you simply don’t. You only mix it when you’re ready to use it and once mixed you either detonate it or destroy it, yo
How much tannerite do you need to make 1kg of TNT?
What does this mean? It means to equal the explosive power of 1kg of TNT, you need 1.82kg of Tannerite.
How many joules is 1 gram of TNT?
If your wondering, the explosion of 1 gram of TNT is equal to 4184 joules or 1 calorie. Yes, that’s the same calorie you see on a food label. Engineers and explosives people have come up with something called the Relative Effectiveness Factor.
How many kg of TNT is 1kg of C4?
X/1.34=1 where x is the number of kg of TNT, 1.34 is the R.E. factor of C4, and 1 is 1 kg of C4. X=1.34. Step 2:
What is the unit of measurement for explosives?
Explosives are measured using a standardized unit of measurement called TNT equivalent, usually expressed in “Tons of TNT”, which is metric tons not US tons. This measurement is simply measuring the quantity of energy in Joules an explosion releases.
How much TNT was used in the 1985 White Sands missile attack?
This is the Minor Scale shot exploded at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico on 27 June 1985 with 4744 tons of ANFO explosive (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil), equivalent to 4000 tons of TNT.
What is the difference between Kg and 2.205?
Kg x 2.205 where kg is the amount of material you have in kg and 2.205 is the number of pounds in 1kg
How much TNT is in the Sailor Hat?
Here is an example of a similar earlier test one of a series named Sailor Hat (Smuggler Cove, Kahoʻolawe, Hawaii in 1965) which shows that yes, this is just a big pile of explosive blocks, in this case 454 tonnes of TNT.
What is the equivalent of TNT?
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules, which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT.
How much energy is in a gram of TNT?
These complications have been sidestepped by convention. The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184 J, which is exactly one kilocalorie .
How long will the TNT blast last?
The energy of that blast could power the entire United States for 3.27 days.
How much TNT did the Beirut explosion produce?
An independent study by experts from the Blast and Impact Research Group at the University of Sheffield predicts the best estimate of the yield of Beirut explosion to be 0.5 kilotons of TNT and the reasonable bound estimate as 1.12 kilotons of TNT.
How much TNT does a Tomahawk bomb yield?
Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to FOAB ‘s 44 tons. The yield of a Tomahawk cruise missile is equivalent to 500 kg of TNT, or approximately 0.5 tons.
How wide is a gram of TNT?
Such differences can be substantial. For safety purposes a range as wide as 2673–6702 J has been stated for a gram of TNT upon explosion.
How many terajoules are in a kiloton?
The ” kiloton (of TNT)” is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules ( 4.184 × 1012 J ).
Why do they use tannerite?
The reason they use Tannerite specifically is because it’s easy to get and relatively safe. Because the two components aren’t themselves explosive, the Federal government doesn’t regulate Tannerite like it does black powder or TNT. You can buy it online or in stores, and the individual components are available on their own.
What is tannerite used for?
What is Tannerite? Tannerite is the brand name of a binary explosive often used as a rifle target. Binary explosives are two-part mixtures of components that aren’t explosive on their own.
Why is tannerite used in target practice?
Tannerite is popular for target practice because it produces a loud bang and a puff of smoke when hit with a fast-moving bullet. That makes it more obvious—and more exciting—when you hit the target than, say, shooting a piece of paper.
What happens when a binary explosive is detonated?
In most cases that happened when it was detonated inside a container, which fragmented and sent shrapnel flying at the victims. Binary explosives do have an inherent degree of safety, in that they aren’t explosive until the two parts are mixed.
Where was tannerite found?
Tannerite residue was reportedly found on the two bombs discovered in New York over the weekend. Other bombs linked to the suspect, Ahmad Rahami, who is now in custody, may have used different explosives.
Do binary explosives have a degree of safety?
Binary explosives do have an inherent degree of safety, in that they aren’t explosive until the two parts are mixed.
Is Yerger’s theory plausible?
What Yerger says is entirely plausible. He hasn’t shared the results of the tests he is talking about, but explosives can be and are made so that they only explode in certain ways. “That’s in keeping with a lot of explosive materials,” says Dave Welch, a senior explosives expert at Ramora UK, which does bomb disposal.
Abstract
Aluminum as an important fuel component has been widely used in the field of arms and ammunition. The Determination of TNT equivalent of aluminized explosive, focused on the experimental study, is still lack of numerical calculation study.
Keywords
Procedia Engineering 43 ( 2012 ) 449 – 452 1877-7058 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.077 International Symposium on Safety Science and Engineering in China, 2012 (ISSSE-2012) Research on the TNT Equivalence of Aluminized Explosive He Ning a , Liu Yude a , Zhang Hongpeng b , Li Chunpeng a, * a North China Univ.
