Which of the following is the extrusive equivalent of granite?
These igneous rocks have textures composed of interlocking crystals, usually of varying mineral composition. Rhyolite, dacite, andesite, and basalt are crystalline extrusive igneous rocks form a continuum of composition from felsic to mafic and are presented in this order below. Rhyolite is the extrusive equivalent of granite.
What type of intrusive igneous rock is granite?
Granite, the equivalent of its extrusive (volcanic) rock type rhyolite, is a very common type of intrusive igneous rock.
What is the volcanic rock equivalent of granodiorite?
The volcanic rock equivalent of granodiorite is dacite. Granite, the equivalent of its extrusive (volcanic) rock type rhyolite, is a very common type of intrusive igneous rock. It contains more than 68% weight % of silica in composition and is granular and coarse-grained in texture.
What are the types of extrusive igneous rocks?
Extrusive igneous rocks erupt onto the surface, where they cool quickly to form small crystals. Some cool so quickly that they form an amorphous glass. These rocks include: andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria, and tuff. Pictures and brief descriptions of some common igneous rock types are shown on this page.
What is the extrusive equivalent of gabbro?
Gabbros are plutonic rocks formed by cooling and crystallization of molten magma trapped under the Earth’s surface and chemically equivalent to extrusive basalt.
What is the extrusive equivalent of diorite?
andesiteThe extrusive (volcanic) equivalent of diorite is andesite.
What igneous rock is similar to granite?
Chemical composition The extrusive igneous rock equivalent of granite is rhyolite.
Is granite an extrusive?
Granite is intrusive and therefore formed through silica-rich magma cooling within the planet’s crust. Visually, granite is a typical intrusive igneous rock as most slabs have visibly obvious deposits of different minerals.
What is the equivalent of granite?
rhyoliterhyolite, extrusive igneous rock that is the volcanic equivalent of granite.
What is the intrusive equivalent of basalt?
gabbroDiabase Dykes (intrusive relationships) Diabase is a dark-coloured intrusive rock, found as dykes or sills, composed of mainly feldspar, pyroxene +/- olivine. It is the intrusive equivalent of basalt and the shallow intrusive equivalent of gabbro.
Are granite and gabbro similar?
Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock with average grain size ranging from 1 to 25 millimeters. Gabbro is generally coarse grained, with crystals in the size range of 1 mm or greater.
Is basalt a granite?
Basalt and granite are similar in the they are both igneous, silicate rocks and common on Earth. They also have numerous differences. Basalt is extrusive, mafic, and common throughout the Solar System whereas granite is intrusive, felsic, and common only on Earth.
What are the different types of granite?
Common Types Of GraniteSanta (St.) Cecilia granite. … Uba Tuba granite. Uba Tuba granite is a type of granite mined in Brazil that takes on a dark color due to an abundance of mica.Kashmir White granite. … (New) Venetian Gold granite. … Giallo Ornamental granite. … Tan Brown granite. … Baltic Brown granite. … Black Pearl granite.More items…•
Which type of rock is granite?
igneous rockGranite. Granite is an igneous rock composed of mostly two minerals: quartz and feldspar. It is an intrusive rock, meaning that it crystallized from magma that cooled far below the earth’s surface.
Why is granite extrusive?
As the magma continues to cool, crystals will merge to form even larger rocks with varied appearances. This is why granite and other intrusive rocks contain various colors. Unlike intrusive rocks, an extrusive rock is formed by lava above the earth’s surface.
Is granite extrusive or intrusive?
intrusive igneous rockgranite, coarse- or medium-grained intrusive igneous rock that is rich in quartz and feldspar; it is the most common plutonic rock of the Earth’s crust, forming by the cooling of magma (silicate melt) at depth.
What does diorite turn into?
Diorite crystallized slowly within the Earth. That slow cooling produced a coarse grain size. Andesite forms when a similar magma crystallizes quickly at Earth’s surface. That rapid cooling produces a rock with small crystals.
What is the difference between diorite and gabbro?
The chemical composition of diorite is intermediate, between that of mafic gabbro and felsic granite. It is distinguished from gabbro on the basis of the composition of the plagioclase species; the plagioclase in diorite is richer in sodium and poorer in calcium.
What type of igneous rock is diorite?
IntrusiveDioriteTypeIgneous RockTexturePhaneritic (Coarse-grained)OriginIntrusive/PlutonicChemical CompositionIntermediateColorApproximately half dark, half white minerals3 more rows
How are granite and diorite similar?
Like other igneous rocks, granite and diorite formed from crystallized molten material, and both are extremely hard and sport a mottled pattern. They are also somewhat porous and need a finish when used in a wet location.
What color is granite?
Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in color, depending on their mineralogy.
What is the composition of Granodiorite?
It typically contains more than 20% quartz by volume, a large amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) rich plagioclase, minor amounts of muscovite mica, and biotite and amphiboles as the darker minerals.
What are igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks are the most basic type of rocks. They are formed when magma (molten rock, typically derived from the earth’s mantle) solidifies. This can happen beneath or above the surface, resulting in 2 subtypes:
What is diorite made of?
Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock composed principally of the silicate minerals plagioclase feldspar (typically andesine), biotite, hornblende, and/or pyroxene. The chemical composition of diorite is intermediate between gabbro and granite. It corresponds to the volcanic rock type andesite formed when the same magma erupts to the surface and cools quickly.
What are intrusive rocks called?
1) Intrusive rocks or Plutonic rocks. When magma never reaches the surface and cools to form intrusions (dykes, sills etc) the resulting rocks are called plutonic. Depending on their silica content, they are called (in ascending order of silica content) gabbro, diorite, granite and pegmatite. By quantity, these are the by far most common rock types.
What is the most widely used and simplest classification of igneous rocks?
The most widely used and simplest classification of igneous rocks is according to the silica (SiO 2) content in the bulk rock composition. The most common types are shown in this table:
What type of rock is formed when magma is dissolved?
Igneous rocks are the most basic type of rocks. They are formed when magma (molten rock, typically derived from the earth’s mantle) solidifies. This can happen beneath or above the surface, resulting in 2 subtypes: When magma never reaches the surface and cools to form intrusions (dykes, sills etc) the resulting rocks are called plutonic. …
What are igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks are the most basic type of rocks. They are formed when magma (molten rock, typically derived from the earth’s mantle) solidifies. This can happen beneath or above the surface, resulting in 2 subtypes:
Main types of igneous rocks
The most widely used and simplest classification of igneous rocks is according to the silica (SiO 2) content in the bulk rock composition. The most common types are shown in this table:
What is the term for the melting of pre-existing rock to give granite?
Anatexis is defined as the melting of pre-existing rock to give granite. The “crux” of the granitization theory is migmatites. Migmatites consist of two components: one light coloured granitic component, called neosome, and a dark metamorphic component called paleosome. Both components have been ultra-mixed.
How does granitization theory explain the origin of granite?
The granitization theory explains the origin of granite by the process of ultrametamorphism or anatexis. Anatexis is defined as the melting of pre-existing rock to give granite.
What is metasomatism in granite?
In the upper zone, regional metamorphism precedes or accompanies emplacement of the magma. Many veins and sharp contacts indicate the fluid nature of the granite.
What is the first zone of differential anatexis?
The first zone, zone of differential anatexis, is the lowest level in the crust. Some granitic magma is formed in situ and mobilization begins, venites are also formed. The zone of injection, or potash metasomatism, is the zone in which the crystal mush and anterites form.
How is removal of country rock by subsidence proven?
In some places the degree of subsidence can be measured. Nested or stacked intrusions have been explained by the subsidence of a central block in a ring dyke and infilling of the space left above it by pulses of magma.
What would happen if crystal fractionation of a magma of tholeiitic basalt composition?
Thus, if crystal fractionation of a magma of tholeiitic basalt composition were to occur, one of its end products would be granite. In many places, emplacement of granite plutons is synchronous to volcanic eruptions.
How is granite formed?
The second, known as the granitization theory states that granite is formed “in situ” by ultrametamorphism. There is evidence to support both theories and current thinking is that magma forms from both processes; in many instances, …
What type of rock erupts onto the surface?
Extrusive igneous rocks erupt onto the surface, where they cool quickly to form small crystals. Some cool so quickly that they form an amorphous glass. These rocks include: andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria, and tuff. Pictures and brief descriptions of some common igneous rock types are shown on this page.
What is the difference between diorite and obsidian?
Diorite is a coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock that contains a mixture of feldspar, pyroxene, hornble nde, and sometimes quartz. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass that forms from the very rapid cooling of molten rock material.
What is trap rock?
It is named after the Unaka Mountains of eastern Tennessee. ” Trap Rock ” is a layman’s term for any dark-colored igneous rock that is used to make crushed stone. This crushed stone can be used as road base material, or as an aggregate in concrete or asphalt.
What is a dacite rock?
Dacite is a fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock that is usually light in color. It has a composition that is intermediate between rhyolite and andesite. The specimen shown is about four inches (ten centimeters) across.
How big is a pegmatite specimen?
The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across. Pegmatite is a light-colored, extremely coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock. It forms near the margins of a magma chamber during the final phases of magma chamber crystallization.
How are igneous rocks formed?
Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock material. Some form below Earth’s surface. Some form on or above Earth’s surface. We describe these two basic types: Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below Earth’s surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form. Examples of intrusive igneous rocks are: …
What is andesite made of?
Andesite is a fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase with other minerals such as hornblende, pyroxene, and biotite. The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
