Equivalences

What does it means the equivalence?

Definition of equivalence 1a : the state or property of being equivalent. b : the relation holding between two statements if they are either both true or both false so that to affirm one and to deny the other would result in a contradiction. 2 : a presentation of terms as equivalent.

What is equivalence and example?

The definition of equivalent is something that is essentially the same or equal to something else. An example of equivalent is (2+2) and the number 4. Since 2+2= 4, these two things are equivalent.

Is equivalence a real word?

The noun equivalence describes the state of being equal, and it can be used any time things are basically interchangeable. If you came down with a stomach bug and there were three different medicines your doctor could prescribe — any one of them being likely to cure you — they would have an equivalence.

What is the verb of equivalent?

equivalence. (transitive) To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance.

How do you use equivalence in a sentence?

1. The math teacher taught the students to check the equivalence of the fractions, showing them that ½ is equal to 5/10. 2. Amelia’s parents measured her room and her brother’s to prove their equivalence and stop the arguments about whose is bigger.

What is the difference between equivalent and equivalence?

Equivalent, which may be an adjective or a noun, is countable as a noun; equivalence, a noun, isn’t countable. So, which one is correct in the mentioned sentence? (The word has no equivalent/equivalence in English.)

What is the noun of equivalent?

equivalence. (uncountable) The condition of being equivalent or essentially equal. (mathematics) An equivalence relation; ≡; ~

What is equivalence in psychology?

n. a relationship between two or more items, scales, variables, or stimuli that permits one to replace another.

What is the meaning of moral equivalence?

Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides. The term had some currency in polemic debates about the Cold War, and currently the Arab–Israeli conflict.

What is past tense of equivalent?

Equivalent verb formsInfinitivePresent ParticiplePast Tenseequivalentequivalentingequivalented

How do you use equivalent?

How to use Equivalent in a sentence. To give that terrible order seemed to him equivalent to resigning the command of the army.

Is equivalent to synonym?

Some common synonyms of equivalent are equal, identical, same, selfsame, and very.

How do you calculate equivalent?

To compute equivalent marks for O-level students, add marks of eight subjects (Chemistry, English, Islamiat, Mathematics, Pakistan Studies, Physics, Urdu, and Biology or Computer Studies). The percentage marks corresponding to grade letters is shown in the adjacent table.

What is equivalence in chemistry?

An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; unofficially but often Eq) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction.

What is the equivalent number?

Equivalent numbers are numbers that have the same value. Each type of number, such as fractions, decimals, or square roots, can be equivalent to other numbers of their types, or to numbers of different types, as long as they have the same value.

What is equivalent value?

The value of an original amount at any particular time is called equivalent value or dated value. The equivalent payment combines the original sum with the interest earned up to the dated value date. When sums of money fall due or are payable at different time, they are not directly comparable.

What is the meaning of equivalence?

e·quiv·a·lence. (ĭ-kwĭv′ə-ləns) n. 1. The state or condition of being equivalent; equality. 2. Mathematics An equivalence relation. 3. Logic The relationship that holds for two propositions that are either both true or both false, so that the affirmation of one and the denial of the other results in contradiction.

What does “equal” mean?

1. The state or condition of being equivalent; equality.

How many words are equivalent in Chinese?

Equivalence between Chinese and English words is complex due to the fact that a single word in Chinese might have 3 to 5 other equivalent words in English, while in some cases a single English word might also have other several equivalences in Chinese.

What is moral equivalence?

Moral equivalence and malaise, rather than red-hot ideology, motivates Haydon. The several forms of energy are interconvertible, and possess an exact quantitative equivalence. Written language is thus a point-to-point equivalence, to borrow a mathematical phrase, to its spoken counterpart.

What is the equivalence between comic books and scripture?

The equivalence between comic books and Scripture is telling of how seriously canon is taken by these fans. Moral equivalence and malaise, rather than red-hot ideology, motivates Haydon. The several forms of energy are interconvertible, and possess an exact quantitative equivalence.

Who were the three scientists who discovered the equivalence between mechanical energy and heat?

The experiments of Rumford, Davy, and Joule were instrumental in establishing the equivalence of mechanical energy and heat.

Is there a decision on equivalence?

There is no decision on so-called equivalence, which would allow firms to sell their services into the single market from the City of London.

Is the EU trading securities in Switzerland?

Last year, the EU withdrew equivalence from Switzerland, effectively prohibiting the trading of EU-listed securities there .

What is the meaning of “equivalent” in a logical expression?

Introduction. Two logical expressions are said to be equivalent if they have the same truth value in all cases. Sometimes this fact helps in proving a mathematical result by replacing one expression with another equivalent expression, without changing the truth value of the original compound proposition.

How to prove that two propositions are logically equivalent?

One way of proving that two propositions are logically equivalent is to use a truth table. The truth table must be identical for all combinations for the given propositions to be equivalent.

How many variables are in a truth table?

For a proposition having 20 variables, rows have to be evaluated in the truth table. This may be easy to do with a computer, but even a computer would fail in computing the truth table of a proposition having 1000 variables.

What is a compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction?

And a compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is referred to as a contingency.

Do compound propositions have equivalences?

Similarly, there are some very useful equivalences for compound propositions involving implications and biconditional statements, as seen below.

What is an equivalence relation?

In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. The relation “is equal to” is the canonical example of an equivalence relation. Each equivalence relation provides a partition of the underlying set into disjoint equivalence classes. Two elements of the given set are equivalent to each other, …

What is the relationship between equivalence and order?

Just as order relations are grounded in ordered sets , sets closed under pairwise supremum and infimum, equivalence relations are grounded in partitioned sets , which are sets closed under bijections that preserve partition structure. Since all such bijections map an equivalence class onto itself, such bijections are also known as permutations. Hence permutation groups (also known as transformation groups) and the related notion of orbit shed light on the mathematical structure of equivalence relations.

What does the row and column indices of nonwhite cells mean?

The row and column indices of nonwhite cells are the related elements , while the different colors, other than light gray, indicate the equivalence classes (each light gray cell is its own equivalence class). In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

What is the relation between natural numbers greater than 1?

The relation “has a common factor greater than 1 with” between natural numbers greater than 1, is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive. For example, the natural numbers 2 and 6 have a common factor greater than 1, and 6 and 3 have a common factor greater than 1, but 2 and 3 do not have a common factor greater than 1.

Which two natural numbers have a common factor greater than 1?

For example, the natural numbers 2 and 6 have a common factor greater than 1, and 6 and 3 have a common factor greater than 1, but 2 and 3 do not have a common factor greater than 1. The empty relation R (defined so that aRb is never true) on a non-empty set X is vacuously symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive.

Is equality a partial or equivalence?

Equality is both an equivalence relation and a partial order. Equality is also the only relation on a set that is reflexive, symmetric and antisymmetric. In algebraic expressions, equal variables may be substituted for one another, a facility that is not available for equivalence related variables.

Is equality a partial order?

Logical equivalences

In logic, many common logical equivalences exist and are often listed as laws or properties. The following tables illustrate some of these.

Relation to material equivalence

Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence. Formulas
p {\displaystyle p}
and
q {\displaystyle q}
are logically equivalent if and only if the statement of their material equivalence (
p ⟺ q {\displaystyle p\iff q}
) is a tautology.

What is the equivalence of categories?

In category theory, a branch of abstract mathematics, an equivalence of categories is a relation between two categories that establishes that these categories are “essentially the same”. There are numerous examples of categorical equivalences from many areas of mathematics. Establishing an equivalence involves demonstrating strong similarities …

What is the meaning of “equivalence” in math?

If a category is equivalent to the opposite (or dual) of another category then one speaks of a duality of categories, and says that the two categories are dually equivalent . An equivalence of categories consists of a functor between the involved categories, which is required to have an “inverse” functor. However, in contrast to the situation …

Is D isomorphic or surjective?

essentially surjective (dense), i.e. each object d in D is isomorphic to an object of the form Fc, for c in C.