Cefepime oral equivalent

Cefdinir: an oral alternative to parenteral cephems.

Precautions

Cefepime hydrochloride contains the equivalent of not less than 825 mcg and not more than 911 mcg of Cefepime (C 19 H 24 N 6 O 5 S 2) per mg, calculated on an anhydrous basis. It is highly soluble in water. Cefepime for Injection, USP is supplied for intramuscular or intravenous administration in strengths equivalent to 1 g, and 2 g of Cefepime.

What is the equivalent of 825 MCG of cefepime in MG?

Cefepime – Clinical Pharmacology. The exposure to Cefepime following a 50 mg per kg intravenous dose in a pediatric patient is comparable to that in an adult treated with a 2 g intravenous dose. The absolute bioavailability of Cefepime after an intramuscular dose of 50 mg per kg was 82.3 (±15)% in eight patients.

What is the clinical pharmacology of cefepime?

The dosage of Cefepime for injection for hemodialysis patients is 1 g on Day 1 followed by 500 mg every 24 hours for the treatment of all infections except febrile neutropenia, which is 1 g every 24 hours.

What is the dosage of cefepime for injection for hemodialysis patients?

Severe infections: 2 g IV every 48 hours. Life threatening infections: 2 g IV every 48 hours. In patients undergoing CAPD, cefepime should be administered at normal recommended doses at an interval of 48 hours.

How often should cefepime be given for infection?

Can cefepime be given po?

The adult dose is 400 mg PO qd (recommended for gonococcal infections); alternatively, 200 mg PO q12h or 400 mg PO qd or divided q12h can be used. In children < 12 years, dosing is 8 mg/kg PO qd or 4 mg/kg bid. In children >50 kg or >12 years, administer cefixime as in adults.

Is cefdinir and cefepime the same?

Cefdinir was less potent than ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against Haemophilus influenzae, but was 2- to 8-fold more potent than cefoxitin and 8- to 32-fold more potent than cefazolin. Cefdinir was slightly less potent than ceftazidime, against beta-lactamase-positive Moraxella catarrhalis.

Is cefepime oral or IV?

Cefepime is not well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and must be administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM). The most common method is by IV — typical administration is 1 to 2 g every 8 to 12 hours depending on the infection treated. Infusions are usually administered over 30 minutes.

What oral antibiotic is equivalent to ceftriaxone?

Are Rocephin and Ceftin the Same Thing? Rocephin (ceftriaxone sodium) and Ceftin (cefuroxime) are cephalosporin antibiotics used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections. Rocephin is also used to treat severe or life-threatening infections such as meningitis.

Is there an oral 4th generation cephalosporin?

Cefepime is the only fourth generation cephalosporin available in the United States. Cefpirome is available overseas.

Is Keflex like cefepime?

Suprax (cefixime) and Keflex (cephalexin) are cephalosporin antibiotics used to treat infections of the middle ear (otitis media), tonsillitis, throat infections (pharyngitis), laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), gonorrhea, and acute bacterial bronchitis in patients with chronic …

Is cefepime an oral antibiotic?

Cefepime injection is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. It belongs to the class of medicines known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, this medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.

Is cefepime and cefixime same?

Cefepime, cefixime and ceftibuten are three newer cephalosporins. On the basis of pharmacokinetics, these three antibiotics are eliminated mainly by the renal route [13–15]. Hence, their intestinal concentrations do not reach high levels. Additionally, their anaero- bic activity is very limited [13–15].

Is cefepime same as ceftriaxone?

Furthermore, for some pathogens cefepime is associated with a lower level of drug resistance than ceftriaxone and other expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. In the survey discussed above, approximately 35% of the Enterobacter cloacae strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, whereas only 4% were resistant to cefepime (19).

Is ceftriaxone available in oral form?

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) is an antibiotic that treats many types of bacterial infections and prevents infections from surgery. It’s only available in injection form, so it’s usually given in the hospital or provider’s office.

Is ceftriaxone available in tablets?

It works killing the infection-causing bacteria. Ceftriaxone belongs to a group of medicine called an antibiotic. It is available in the form of tablet, syrup, injection and dry syrup.

Can you switch from IV to oral antibiotics?

The majority of patients presenting with a severe infection who require IV therapy initially can be switched to oral therapy after 24-48 hours provided that they are improving clinically and are able to tolerate an oral formulation.

What is the other name for cefdinir?

What is Omnicef and how is it used? Omnicef (cefdinir) is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. The brand name Omnicef is discontinued in the U.S. Omnicef is available in generic form.

What is a substitute for cefdinir?

Amoxicillin is also approved to treat lower respiratory tract infections such as community-acquired pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumonia. Unlike cefdinir, amoxicillin is also commonly used to treat gonorrhea and H. pylori infections.

Are cefdinir and cefixime the same?

Omnicef (cefdinir) is good for treating many common bacterial infections. Suprax (cefixime) is available as a cheaper, generic form. It is available in several formulations which makes it easy to take. Suprax (cefixime) is usually given just once or twice a day.

What type of antibiotic is cefepime?

What is Cefdinir used for?

Cefdinir was the single or equally most potent agent against Streptococcus pyogenes, penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that produced a variety of beta-lactamase types.

Is Cefdinir more potent than Ceftazidime?

Is cefdinir an oral substitute for cephems?

Cefdinir: an oral alternative to parenteral cephems. Cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral cephems. An in vitro study was performed to compare the activity of cefdinir, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against 243 clinical isolates of human pathogens.

Half Life

The half-life of a drug is the time taken for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce to half its original value.

Drug Interactions

No known drug interactions. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.

Usual Adult Dose for Bacteremia

Pneumonia associated with bacteremia: 1 to 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 8 to 12 hours
Mild to moderate urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with bacteremia: 0.5 to 1 gram via IV injection over 30 minutes every 12 hours
Severe UTIs associated with bacteremia: 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 12 hours
Duration of therapy:
-Pneumonia: 10 days
-Mild to moderate UTIs: 7 to 10 days
-Severe UTIs: 10 days
Uses:
-Treatment of moderate to severe pneumonia and concurrent bacteremia caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Enterobacter species
-Treatment of complicated and uncomplicated mild to moderate urinary tract infections and concurrent bacteremia caused by susceptible isolates of Escherichia coli, K pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis
-Treatment of complicated and uncomplicated severe urinary tract infections and concurrent bacteremia caused by susceptible isolates of E coli or K pneumoniae
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Recommendations:
2 grams IV every 8 hours with/without aminoglycoside
Comment: Preferred treatments may be given with or without aminoglycosides.
Uses:
-Adjunctive preferred treatment of IV catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by P aeruginosa
-Alternative treatment of IV catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter species and Serratia marcescens.

Usual Adult Dose for Febrile Neutropenia

Empiric treatment: 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 8 hours
-Duration of therapy: 7 days OR until resolution of neutropenia
Comments:
-The continued need for antibiotic treatment should be frequently reassessed in patients whose fever resolves but remain neutropenic for longer than 7 days.
-Use may be inappropriate in patients at high risk for severe infection (e.g., patients with a history of recent bone marrow transplantation, hypotension at presentation, underlying hematologic malignancy, with severe/prolonged neutropenia).
Use: Monotherapy for empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia.

Usual Adult Dose for Intraabdominal Infection

Complicated intraabdominal infections: 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 8 to 12 hours
Intraabdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas: 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 8 hours
Duration of therapy: 7 to 10 days
Use: In combination with metronidazole for the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections caused by susceptible isolates of Bacteroides fragilis, Enterobacter species, E coli, K pneumoniae, P aeruginosa, or viridans group streptococci (VGS)
Surgical Infection Society (SIS) and IDSA Recommendations:
Initial dose: 2 grams IV every 8 to 12 hours PLUS metronidazole
Comment: Maintenance doses should be based on adjusted body weight and serum drug concentrations.
Uses:
-Empiric combination treatment of complicated extra-biliary community-acquired intraabdominal infections in patients with severe physiologic disturbance, advanced age, or immunocompromised stage caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae or P aeruginosa, or gram-negative bacilli (GNB) less than 20% resistant to this drug
-Adjunctive empiric treatment of community-acquired acute cholecystitis of severe physiologic disturbance, advanced age, and/or immunocompromised state
-Adjunctive empiric treatment of acute cholangitis following bilio-enteric anastomosis of any severity
-Adjunctive empiric treatment of healthcare-associated biliary infection of any severity.

Usual Adult Dose for Pneumonia

Moderate to severe pneumonia: 1 to 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 8 to 12 hours
Pneumonia caused by P aeruginosa: 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 8 hours
Duration of therapy: 10 days
Use: Treatment of moderate to severe pneumonia caused by susceptible strains of Enterobacter species, K pneumoniae, P aeruginosa, or S pneumoniae
IDSA and American Thoracic Society (ATS) Recommendations:
2 grams IV every 8 hours
Uses:
-Initial empiric treatment for hospital-acquired pneumonia (non-ventilator-associated pneumonia) in patients not at high risk of mortality and with no factors increasing the likelihood of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
-Initial empiric treatment for hospital-acquired pneumonia (non-ventilator-associated pneumonia) in patients not at high-risk of mortality, but with factors increasing the likelihood of MRSA (e.g., previous IV antibiotic treatment within 90 days, treatment in a unit where the prevalence of MRSA among S aureus isolates is unknown OR greater than 20%)
-Initial empiric treatment for hospital-acquired pneumonia (non-ventilator-associated pneumonia) in patients at high-risk of mortality or receipt of IV antibiotics during the prior 90 days
-Adjunctive empiric treatment for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia in units where empiric MRSA coverage and double antipseudomonal/gram-negative coverage are appropriate.

Usual Adult Dose for Nosocomial Pneumonia

Usual Adult Dose for Skin and Structure Infection

2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 12 hours
-Duration of therapy: 10 days
Uses:
-Treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by S aureus (only methicillin-susceptible isolates) or Streptococcus pyogenes
-Treatment of moderate to severe uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by MSSA or S pyogenes

Usual Adult Dose for Pyelonephritis

Mild to moderate uncomplicated OR complicated infections: 0.5 to 1 gram IM OR via IV injection over 30 minutes every 12 hours
Severe uncomplicated OR complicated infections: 2 grams via IV injection over 30 minutes every 12 hours
Duration of therapy:
-Mild to moderate: 7 to 10 days
-Severe: 10 days
Comment: Mild to moderate uncomplicated and complicated infections caused by E coli may be treated via IM administration; other isolates should be treated via IV administration.
Uses:
-Treatment of complicated and uncomplicated mild to moderate UTIs caused by susceptible isolates of E coli, K pneumoniae, or P mirabilis
-Treatment of complicated and uncomplicated severe urinary tract infections caused by susceptible isolates of E coli or K pneumoniae
-Treatment of pyelonephritis.

Does cefepime cause seizures?

Cefepime has also been associated with seizures, particularly in the setting of renal impairment. Between 1996 and 2012, 59 cases of nonconvulsive status epilepticus during cefepime use in patients …. ›. Principles of antimicrobial therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. …Ceftazidime 2 g every eight hours.

Is cefepime a gram negative antibiotic?

Cefepime – Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with a gram-negative spectrum similar to that of ceftazidime …. …in mortality between patients who received cefepime and patients who received other antibiotics . Accordingly, the IDSA guidelines continue to recommend cefepime as a suitable option .

How many oral agents are used against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

Activity of nine oral agents against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria encountered in community-acquired infections: use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic breakpoints in the comparative assessment of β-lactam and macrolide antimicrobial agents

What is the inoculum size of a Haemophilus test?

influenzae. An inoculum size of 5 × 10 5 CFU/mL was used. All tests were incubated in ambient air at 35 °C.

What is the NCCLS breakpoint for cefdinir?

Susceptibility was determined using NCCLS breakpoints for other drugs and susceptible breakpoints for cefdinir (CDN) of <0.5 μg/mL for S. pneumoniae and <1 μg/mL for other organisms.

Is cefdinir a second line antibiotic?

At this time, cefdinir is considered a second-line alternative to first-line antimicrobial agents, with convenient once- or twice-daily dosing in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and skin-structure infections ( Guay, 2002b ). Similar to other oral expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, cefdinir has activity against common pathogens of the respiratory tract and skin and is stable in the presence of many β-lactamases ( Guay, 2002b ). In our study, we have demonstrated its activity in vitro, not only against pathogens responsible for common respiratory and skin infections, with the exception of penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae, but also against K. pneumoniae strains that may be involved in causing urinary tract infections. At least one study has reported that empiric therapy with cefdinir appears to be a reasonable choice for patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection in whom cephalosporin treatment is indicated ( Leigh et al., 2000 ). Our data support the potential use of this agent for these types of infections.

Can cephems be used for genitourinary tract infections?

There are several options available for treatment of bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structures, and genitourinary tract with parent eral cephems . These options become limited when oral alternatives with equivalent potency that would provide adequate tissue levels are sought. Considerable cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral ones ( Chambers et al., 1995 ). In addition, in pediatric patients, palatability of oral suspensions is essential for patient acceptance, therapeutic compliance, and successful outcomes ( Powers et al., 2000, Steele et al., 2001 ).

Is K pneumoniae resistant to cephalosporins?

These organisms may be clinically resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but are reported by clinical laboratories as susceptible, a laboratory error with possible grave implications for infected patients ( Pena et al., 1998 ). Therefore, it seemed appropriate to include not only wild-type K. pneumoniae isolates in the test panel, but also a selection of the types of isolates that may be falsely reported by laboratories as susceptible to cephalosporins. Our data indicate that cefdinir was the most active agent against these isolates compared with the parenteral cephems tested. Clinical outcome data are required to determine if cefdinir could be used for therapy of urinary tract infections caused by these organisms.